Bright Java Tutorial

  package com.example.core;

  /**
   * String represents a series of characters. 
   * The fully qualified name of it is java.lang.String.
   * 
   * @author Rolan Liwanag
   *
   */
  public class StringExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
	  String aString = "abcde";
	  System.out.println("The value of aString is " 
	    + aString);
	  aString = "The quick brown fox jumped over the " 
	    + "lazy dog.";
	  System.out.println("The value of aString is " 
	    + aString);
	  String anotherString = "The quick brown fox jumped "
	    + "over the lazy dog.";
	  System.out.println("The value of anotherString is " 
		+ anotherString);
	  /*
	   * At this point, there are 2 variables, aString and 
	   * anotherString. Both have the same value. When we 
	   * declared anotherString, JVM will check if a string 
	   * with the same value exists in the string constant  
	   * pool. A reference to that instance will be  
	   * returned. Thus, in this case, no new object is 
	   * created. If its too technical, let it be for now.  
	   * The important thing is, you now know how to 
	   * declare and set the value of a string.
	   */
	  String bString = new String("a value");
	  System.out.println("The value of bString is " 
	    + bString);
	  String cString = new String("a value");
	  System.out.println("The value of cString is " 
	    + cString);
	  /*
	   * This method of declaring a string is using the 
	   * 'new' keyword. Every time we use the 'new'  
	   * keyword, we are creating an instance of that 
	   * class. This means, a new object is created in the 
	   * normal heap memory. In this case, there will be 2 
	   * String objects in the heap memory. Why did Java 
	   * introduced the concept of String literal? It is 
	   * for memory efficiency.
	   */
    }
  }
                            

  package com.example.core;

  /**
   * This class discusses the basics of string operations.
   * 
   * @author Rolan Liwanag
   *
   */
  public class StringOperations {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
	  //The substring method
	  String aString = "The quick brown fox jumped over " 
	    + "the lazy dog.";
	  /*
	   * 0 is the index where it will start capturing a 
	   * character. 9 is the index where it wont capture a
	   * character any longer. So technically, the last 
	   * character captured is on index 8.
	   */
	  String aStringPart1 = aString.substring(0, 9);
	  /*
	   * 9 is the index where it will start capturing a 
	   * character. aString.length() is the index where it
	   * wont capture a character any longer. So 
	   * technically, the last character captured is on 
	   * index aString.length()-1.
	   * NOTE : aString.length() is the total number of 
	   * characters in the string. In this case, it is 45. 
	   * The last index is 44.
	   */
	  String aStringPart2 = 
	    aString.substring(9, aString.length());
	  System.out.println("The value of aStringPart1 is " 
	    + aStringPart1);
	  System.out.println("The value of aStringPart2 is " 
	    + aStringPart2);
	  //aString remains unchanged
	  System.out.println("The value of aString is " 
	    + aString);
		
	  //String concatenation
	  String concatenatedString = aStringPart1 + " -" 
	    + aStringPart2 + "     ";
	  System.out.println("The value of concatenatedString" 
	    + " = " + concatenatedString);
	  /*
	   * To concatenate a string, simply join the strings 
	   * with the + sign.
	   */
	  System.out.println("The length of concatenatedString" 
	    + " = " + concatenatedString.length());
		
	  //The trim method removes trailing spaces at the 
	  //beginning and at the end of the given string.
	  //remember, the concatenated strings might have 
	  //contained a lot of trailing spaces
	  String trimedString = concatenatedString.trim();
	  System.out.println("The length of trimedString is " 
	    + trimedString.length());
	  String anotherTrimmedString = "   3 spaces in front " 
	    + "  3 spaces in the middle and 3 spaces at the " 
	    + "end.   ".trim();
	  System.out.println("The value of anotherTrimmedString" 
	    + " is " + anotherTrimmedString);
	  //take note that it did not remove the trailing 
	  //spaces in the middle of the string.
		
	  //Splitting a string
	  String[] splitStringArr = trimedString.split(" ");
	  /*
	   * The above means, split the given string by 
	   * whenever we encounter the character space.
	   */
	  System.out.println("The length of the splitStringArr " 
	    + "array is " + splitStringArr.length);
	  System.out.println("The value of splitStringArr[0] is" 
	    + " " + splitStringArr[0]);
	  System.out.println("The value of splitStringArr[1] is" 
	    + " " + splitStringArr[1]);
	  System.out.println("The value of splitStringArr[2] is" 
	    + " " + splitStringArr[2]);
	  System.out.println("The value of splitStringArr[3] is" 
	    + " " + splitStringArr[3]);
	  //trimmedString should still be the same
	  System.out.println("the value of trimedString is " 
	    + trimedString);
	}
  }